{"id":198817,"date":"2020-03-16T00:25:21","date_gmt":"2020-03-15T23:25:21","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/tucuentavip.com\/es\/?p=198817"},"modified":"2020-03-15T08:50:28","modified_gmt":"2020-03-15T07:50:28","slug":"wittgenstein-y-trump-la-politica-de-la-gramatica","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/theprisma.co.uk\/es\/2020\/03\/16\/wittgenstein-y-trump-la-politica-de-la-gramatica\/","title":{"rendered":"Wittgenstein y Trump: la pol\u00edtica de la gram\u00e1tica"},"content":{"rendered":"

En el \u201cTractatus\u201d de Wittgenstein, el lenguaje tiene un inexpugnable control de la realidad. Representa al mundo, pero no puede decir c\u00f3mo se refleja la realidad, porque no podemos salirnos del lenguaje para ver este reflejo. En su filosof\u00eda tard\u00eda, encontramos las ant\u00edpodas: el lenguaje no tiene esencia; los juegos de lenguaje tienen diferentes reglas y diferentes gram\u00e1ticas.<\/em><\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

\"\"<\/em>Sean Sheehan<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

El cambio en el pensamiento de Wittgenstein sucedi\u00f3 gradualmente. Este per\u00edodo intermedio es el tema de los ensayos en \u201cWittgenstein in the 1930s: between the tractatus and the investigations\u201d<\/em> (Wittgenstein en los a\u00f1os 30: entre el tractatus y las investigaciones) y son las arenas movedizas en las que se puede situar la ling\u00fc\u00edstica de Trump.<\/p>\n

Wittgenstein habla de la \u2018armadura l\u00f3gica\u2019 de una frase, que puede representar el estado de las cosas en el mundo no ling\u00fc\u00edstico. El lenguaje populista de los tweets y los discursos de Trump, que imita de forma astuta los patrones de pensamiento de sus partidarios, lleva esto a un nuevo nivel.<\/p>\n

Por lo tanto, su frase \u2018Make America Great Again\u2019 es m\u00e1s que una aspiraci\u00f3n: encarna c\u00f3mo fue el mundo en el pasado y c\u00f3mo ser\u00e1 en el futuro. No puede ser debilitada por sus cr\u00edticos, porque el lenguaje consagra la verdad.<\/p>\n

A principios de la d\u00e9cada de 1930, Wittgenstein expresa c\u00f3mo \u2018la gram\u00e1tica determina [el] lugar de una palabra en el espacio l\u00f3gico: y [el] lugar de una palabra en el espacio l\u00f3gico es su significado\u2019.<\/p>\n

Los usuarios del lenguaje son como ruedas dentadas en un entorno ling\u00fc\u00edstico y el engrane de los dientes es la gram\u00e1tica haciendo su trabajo.<\/p>\n

\"\"
Christiaan Tonnis ~ Ludwig Wittgenstein 2 \/ Approx. 55.1 x 70.9 inches \/ Oil on canvas \/ 1987. Flickr.<\/a> License Creative Commons<\/a>\/<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

Wittgenstein llega a ver el lenguaje como performativo y la ret\u00f3rica de Trump crece en los actos de habla.<\/span> Las declaraciones de tipo no f\u00e1ctico pueden usar la gram\u00e1tica del lenguaje f\u00e1ctico para hacer que parezcan verdaderas.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

Y aunque el n\u00famero de mentiras que dice Trump es legendario y se rastrean cl\u00ednicamente cada semana, tales c\u00e1lculos son irrelevantes para sus partidarios, que las desestiman como \u2018noticias falsas\u2019. La gram\u00e1tica se rige por las normas y, como las de ajedrez, deciden qu\u00e9 se puede permitir y qu\u00e9 no. La comprobaci\u00f3n de los hechos no entra en lo permitido.<\/p>\n

La gram\u00e1tica convencional no nos permite decir \u2018esos dos son id\u00e9nticos pero estos dos son m\u00e1s id\u00e9nticos\u2019. No obstante, la regla de que no se puede utilizar los \u2018m\u00e1s id\u00e9nticos\u2019 no se debe a una realidad externa al lenguaje.<\/p>\n

No hay ni un \u00e1pice de realidad que diga que los \u2018m\u00e1s id\u00e9nticos\u2019 no sea gramatical.<\/p>\n

Alguien no puede estar \u2018parcialmente embarazada\u2019 sin cambiar el significado de la palabra. Utilizando una y otra vez palabras como \u2018invasi\u00f3n\u2019, \u2018for\u00e1neo\u2019, \u2018animal\u2019 y \u2018criminal\u2019, Trump, como la brigada Brexit, est\u00e1 cambiando el significado de la palabra \u2018inmigrante\u2019.<\/p>\n

La afirmaci\u00f3n de Trump de que \u2018mi ret\u00f3rica\u2026 une a las personas\u2019 es cierto para sus seguidores, pero una mentira para todos los dem\u00e1s.<\/p>\n

\u00c9l y su audiencia comparten una gram\u00e1tica con un nuevo conjunto de reglas que pueden convertir las opiniones en hechos, las mentiras en verdades<\/a>.<\/p>\n

Como Wittgenstein llega a darse cuenta, las palabras a menudo se toman de forma equivocada para \u201cque representar una cosa o sustancia\u201d, cuando no es as\u00ed como est\u00e1n siendo utilizadas. El lenguaje de Trump puede reflejar su mente indisciplinada, pero esto no puede explicar su eficacia para conectar con su audiencia.<\/p>\n

\"\"
Foto: Pixabay<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

La filosof\u00eda posterior de Wittgenstein sienta las bases para comprender c\u00f3mo la inarticulaci\u00f3n puede ser altamente articulable.<\/p>\n

\u201cWittgenstein in the 1930s: between the tractatus and the investigations<\/em>\u201d, editado por David G. Stern, publicado por Cambridge University Press<\/a><\/p>\n

(Traducido por Iris Mar\u00eda Blanco Gab\u00e1s \u2013 Email: irisbg7@gmail.com)<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

\n\t\t\t\t\tTweet<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div><\/div>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

En el \u201cTractatus\u201d de Wittgenstein, el lenguaje tiene un inexpugnable control de la realidad. Representa al mundo, pero no puede decir c\u00f3mo se refleja la realidad, porque no podemos salirnos del lenguaje para ver este reflejo. En su filosof\u00eda tard\u00eda, encontramos las ant\u00edpodas: el lenguaje no tiene esencia; los juegos […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":9,"featured_media":178374,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[24,14,7,26],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-198817","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","category-cultura","category-en-foco","category-opinion","category-paginas"],"yoast_head":"\nWittgenstein y Trump: la pol\u00edtica de la gram\u00e1tica - ThePrisma.co.uk<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/theprisma.co.uk\/es\/2020\/03\/16\/wittgenstein-y-trump-la-politica-de-la-gramatica\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"es_ES\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Wittgenstein y Trump: la pol\u00edtica de la gram\u00e1tica - ThePrisma.co.uk\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"En el \u201cTractatus\u201d de Wittgenstein, el lenguaje tiene un inexpugnable control de la realidad. Representa al mundo, pero no puede decir c\u00f3mo se refleja la realidad, porque no podemos salirnos del lenguaje para ver este reflejo. 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Representa al mundo, pero no puede decir c\u00f3mo se refleja la realidad, porque no podemos salirnos del lenguaje para ver este reflejo. 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