{"id":259014,"date":"2023-02-13T00:23:13","date_gmt":"2023-02-13T00:23:13","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/theprisma.co.uk\/?p=259014"},"modified":"2023-02-12T21:48:50","modified_gmt":"2023-02-12T21:48:50","slug":"hegemonia-ideologia-y-politica","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/theprisma.co.uk\/es\/2023\/02\/13\/hegemonia-ideologia-y-politica\/","title":{"rendered":"Hegemon\u00eda, ideolog\u00eda y pol\u00edtica"},"content":{"rendered":"

Conoc\u00ed el t\u00e9rmino \u201chegemon\u00eda\u201d cuando, siendo un adolescente precoz, le\u00eda mucho sobre pol\u00edtica internacional. En este caso, describ\u00eda la esfera de influencia de un pa\u00eds. <\/em><\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

\"\"Steve Latham<\/a><\/strong><\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

M\u00e1s tarde, en la universidad, descubr\u00ed que lo utilizaban los marxistas para referirse al dominio ideol\u00f3gico del capitalismo.<\/p>\n

Aprend\u00ed a distinguir estos usos, por sus diferentes pronunciaciones; \u00a1aunque no estoy seguro de cu\u00e1nto se relacionar\u00e1 esto con nuestros lectores en la edici\u00f3n espa\u00f1ola de The Prisma<\/strong>!<\/p>\n

Para los te\u00f3ricos de la pol\u00edtica, se pronunciaba con una \u201cg\u201d dura, como en \u201cget\u201d. Para los ide\u00f3logos, ten\u00eda una \u201cg\u201d suave, como en \u201cgesto\u201d. Esta simple observaci\u00f3n fue una taquigraf\u00eda \u00fatil para detectar las preferencias pol\u00edticas de los distintos interlocutores.<\/p>\n

Entre los marxistas, la \u201chegemon\u00eda\u201d fue desarrollada por el te\u00f3rico comunista italiano Antonio Gramsci, que muri\u00f3 en prisi\u00f3n bajo los fascistas.<\/p>\n

Raymond Williams populariz\u00f3 la idea para los te\u00f3ricos de la cultura en la d\u00e9cada de 1970, en \u201cKeywords. Un vocabulario de cultura y sociedad\u201d<\/em>.<\/p>\n

Por su parte, Perry Anderson escribi\u00f3 recientemente un libro sobre el tema: \u201cThe H-word. La peripecia de la hegemon\u00eda\u201d<\/em>.<\/p>\n

Gramsci trataba de entender c\u00f3mo, dentro de la democracia liberal, tanto como bajo el fascismo, la clase obrera no se convirti\u00f3 en una clase revolucionaria de pleno derecho.<\/p>\n

\"\"Elaborando la sugerencia de Marx, en \u201cLa ideolog\u00eda alemana<\/em>\u201d, de que las ideas dominantes son las ideas de la clase dominante, Gramsci se\u00f1al\u00f3 c\u00f3mo estas ideas son a menudo aceptadas como sentido com\u00fan normal por la sociedad.<\/p>\n

Entonces propuso que era necesaria una lucha ideol\u00f3gico-cultural antes de que se produjera la revoluci\u00f3n, para que el proletariado llegara a una conciencia de clase activa.<\/p>\n

As\u00ed podr\u00eda desarrollarse una contrahegemon\u00eda, que podr\u00eda atraer a otros elementos marginados de la sociedad como aliados de la clase obrera.<\/p>\n

En Occidente, sin embargo, las perspectivas revolucionarias han retrocedido, debido a factores externos e internos. En primer lugar, la desaparici\u00f3n de la URSS elimin\u00f3 el comunismo como alternativa cre\u00edble al capitalismo.<\/p>\n

Simult\u00e1neamente, la clase obrera, en los pa\u00edses desarrollados, fue comprada con \u00e9xito, sedada, por las promesas consumistas.<\/p>\n

La izquierda, por tanto, busc\u00f3 candidatos alternativos como sujetos de cambio radical: en las mujeres, los gays o los pueblos ind\u00edgenas, por ejemplo.<\/p>\n

De este modo, el terreno del conflicto pol\u00edtico, y por tanto el concepto de hegemon\u00eda, se desplaz\u00f3 de lo econ\u00f3mico a lo cultural.<\/p>\n

Aunque las desigualdades siguen existiendo, y sus agendas no est\u00e1n del todo conseguidas, se han producido avances en todos estos \u00e1mbitos, al menos en el plano formal, de las instituciones acad\u00e9micas y de la legislaci\u00f3n parlamentaria.<\/p>\n

\"\"Sin embargo, al ser la hegemon\u00eda un concepto esencialmente conflictivo, se ha producido una parad\u00f3jica reacci\u00f3n conservadora.<\/p>\n

Por ejemplo, el concepto de Gramsci es desplegado ahora por pensadores de la Alt-Right, como Steve Bannon, en su propia lucha por recuperar las alturas de mando ideol\u00f3gicas.<\/p>\n

El problema para la izquierda es que ha olvidado que sus ideas no son evidentemente \u201cverdaderas\u201d, sino construcciones sociales.<\/p>\n

Adem\u00e1s, la experiencia de Rusia y China ha demostrado que tanto la izquierda como la derecha pueden engendrar versiones totalitarias de la hegemon\u00eda ideol\u00f3gica.<\/p>\n

Como ha se\u00f1alado Slavoj \u017di\u017eek, de la ideolog\u00eda en general: sabemos que est\u00e1 presente, cuando nuestras creencias parecen totalmente \u201cnaturales\u201d. Esto se aplica igualmente a las ideas de la izquierda.<\/p>\n

Tenemos que dudar m\u00e1s de nosotros mismos, relativizar a los relativizadores y aplicar la hermen\u00e9utica de la sospecha a todos los \u00e1mbitos del pensamiento, incluso al nuestro.<\/p>\n

(Traducido por Camila M\u00e1rquez)<\/a><\/strong> \u2013 Fotos: Pixabay<\/a><\/em><\/p>\n

\n\t\t\t\t\tTweet<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div><\/div>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Conoc\u00ed el t\u00e9rmino \u201chegemon\u00eda\u201d cuando, siendo un adolescente precoz, le\u00eda mucho sobre pol\u00edtica internacional. En este caso, describ\u00eda la esfera de influencia de un pa\u00eds.   Steve Latham   M\u00e1s tarde, en la universidad, descubr\u00ed que lo utilizaban los marxistas para referirse al dominio ideol\u00f3gico del capitalismo. Aprend\u00ed a distinguir […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":9,"featured_media":229676,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[14,11801,7],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-259014","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","category-en-foco","category-notes-from-the-edge","category-opinion"],"yoast_head":"\nHegemon\u00eda, ideolog\u00eda y pol\u00edtica - ThePrisma.co.uk<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/theprisma.co.uk\/?p=259018\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"es_ES\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Hegemon\u00eda, ideolog\u00eda y pol\u00edtica\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Tenemos que dudar m\u00e1s de nosotros mismos, relativizar a los relativizadores y aplicar la hermen\u00e9utica de la sospecha a todos los \u00e1mbitos del pensamiento, incluso al nuestro.\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https:\/\/theprisma.co.uk\/?p=259018\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"ThePrisma.co.uk\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:publisher\" content=\"https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/ThePrismaTheMulticulturalNewspaper\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:published_time\" content=\"2023-02-13T00:23:13+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:image\" content=\"https:\/\/theprisma.co.uk\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/03\/AJEDREz-politica-juego-Pixabay.jpg\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:width\" content=\"960\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:height\" content=\"640\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:type\" content=\"image\/jpeg\" \/>\n<meta name=\"author\" content=\"ThePrisma\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:card\" content=\"summary_large_image\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:title\" content=\"Hegemon\u00eda, ideolog\u00eda y pol\u00edtica\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:description\" content=\"Tenemos que dudar m\u00e1s de nosotros mismos, relativizar a los relativizadores y aplicar la hermen\u00e9utica de la sospecha a todos los \u00e1mbitos del pensamiento, incluso al nuestro.\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:image\" content=\"https:\/\/theprisma.co.uk\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/03\/AJEDREz-politica-juego-Pixabay.jpg\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:creator\" content=\"@The_Prisma\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:site\" content=\"@The_Prisma\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:label1\" content=\"Escrito por\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data1\" content=\"ThePrisma\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:label2\" content=\"Tiempo de lectura\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data2\" content=\"4 minutos\" \/>\n<script type=\"application\/ld+json\" class=\"yoast-schema-graph\">{\"@context\":\"https:\\\/\\\/schema.org\",\"@graph\":[{\"@type\":\"Article\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/theprisma.co.uk\\\/?p=259018#article\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/theprisma.co.uk\\\/?p=259018\"},\"author\":{\"name\":\"ThePrisma\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/theprisma.co.uk\\\/#\\\/schema\\\/person\\\/24f5091d3dc50052d73cbea6ecd09df7\"},\"headline\":\"Hegemon\u00eda, ideolog\u00eda y pol\u00edtica\",\"datePublished\":\"2023-02-13T00:23:13+00:00\",\"mainEntityOfPage\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/theprisma.co.uk\\\/?p=259018\"},\"wordCount\":637,\"commentCount\":0,\"publisher\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/theprisma.co.uk\\\/#organization\"},\"image\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/theprisma.co.uk\\\/?p=259018#primaryimage\"},\"thumbnailUrl\":\"https:\\\/\\\/theprisma.co.uk\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/2022\\\/03\\\/Sala-casa-elegante-reflexion-soledad-Pixabay.jpg\",\"articleSection\":[\"En Foco\",\"Notas desde el borde\",\"Opini\u00f3n\"],\"inLanguage\":\"es\",\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"CommentAction\",\"name\":\"Comment\",\"target\":[\"https:\\\/\\\/theprisma.co.uk\\\/?p=259018#respond\"]}]},{\"@type\":\"WebPage\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/theprisma.co.uk\\\/?p=259018\",\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/theprisma.co.uk\\\/?p=259018\",\"name\":\"Hegemon\u00eda, ideolog\u00eda y pol\u00edtica - 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