{"id":292363,"date":"2026-05-18T00:26:35","date_gmt":"2026-05-17T23:26:35","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/theprisma.co.uk\/?p=292363"},"modified":"2026-05-16T08:50:30","modified_gmt":"2026-05-16T07:50:30","slug":"brasil-desafio-de-congreso-reabre-herida-del-golpismo","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/theprisma.co.uk\/es\/2026\/05\/18\/brasil-desafio-de-congreso-reabre-herida-del-golpismo\/","title":{"rendered":"Brasil: Le ley que reabre la herida del golpismo"},"content":{"rendered":"

La decisi\u00f3n del Congreso de derribar el veto presidencial a la Ley de Dosimetr\u00eda desat\u00f3 una nueva confrontaci\u00f3n pol\u00edtica y jur\u00eddica sobre los l\u00edmites de la impunidad tras el intento de golpe de Estado de 2023.\u00a0Su aprobaci\u00f3n definitiva reducir\u00eda penas a condenados por la trama golpista, incluido Jair Bolsonaro.<\/em><\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

\"\"Martha Andr\u00e9s Rom\u00e1n<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

La pol\u00e9mica normativa, destinada a reducir las penas de los condenados por el golpe de Estado de 2023, hab\u00eda sido aprobada en ese \u00f3rgano en diciembre pasado, pero no entr\u00f3 en vigor porque fue vetada por el presidente Luiz In\u00e1cio Lula da Silva el 8 de enero, en el tercer aniversario del ataque contra los tres poderes del Estado.<\/p>\n

El 30 de abril, el Congreso Nacional someti\u00f3 a consideraci\u00f3n el veto del mandatario, el cual recibi\u00f3 318 votos en contra y solo 144 a favor en la C\u00e1mara de Diputados, y 49 rechazos y 24 apoyos en el Senado.<\/p>\n

Mediante el proyecto de Ley de Dosimetr\u00eda se establece que, cuando una persona sea condenada por delitos como tentativa de golpe de Estado y abolici\u00f3n violenta del orden democr\u00e1tico en un mismo contexto, no se sumar\u00e1n las penas, sino que se aplicar\u00e1 \u00fanicamente la m\u00e1s grave con incrementos limitados.<\/p>\n

Asimismo, la normativa flexibiliza las reglas para la progresi\u00f3n de r\u00e9gimen, reduciendo el tiempo m\u00ednimo de cumplimiento en prisi\u00f3n.\u00a0Seg\u00fan estimaciones difundidas por medios brasile\u00f1os, a ra\u00edz de la derrota del veto, que permitir\u00e1 la entrada en vigor de la medida, la condena del expresidente Jair Bolsonaro podr\u00eda reducirse considerablemente.<\/p>\n

Aunque el exmandatario lleva poco m\u00e1s de un mes bajo \u201carresto domiciliario humanitario\u201d por motivos de salud, te\u00f3ricamente permanece en r\u00e9gimen de confinamiento total tras ser condenado a 27 a\u00f1os y tres meses por intento de golpe de Estado.<\/p>\n

Su paso a un r\u00e9gimen de confinamiento semiabierto solo es posible en 2033, pero, con la eventual entrada en vigor del nuevo texto, los expertos indican que el cambio de r\u00e9gimen podr\u00eda producirse en un plazo de dos a cuatro a\u00f1os.<\/p>\n

\"\"
Lula Da Silva. Foto de Oliver Kornblihtt M\u00eddia NINJA \/ Flickr<\/a>.\u00a0 Creative Commons License<\/a>.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

No obstante, especialistas advierten que estos cambios no son autom\u00e1ticos y depender\u00e1n de revisiones por parte del Supremo Tribunal Federal (STF) y del cumplimiento de requisitos legales.<\/p>\n

Pero el impacto de la decisi\u00f3n del Legislativo no se limita solo a la reducci\u00f3n de condenas para Bolsonaro y decenas de sentenciados por la trama golpista.<\/p>\n

De acuerdo con un an\u00e1lisis del diario Folha de S. Paulo, la nueva legislaci\u00f3n podr\u00eda beneficiar a m\u00e1s de 200 mil condenados en Brasil, al ampliar mecanismos de reducci\u00f3n de penas, como la remisi\u00f3n por estudio o trabajo. La decisi\u00f3n gener\u00f3 una ola de reacciones cr\u00edticas desde sectores del Partido de los Trabajadores (PT) y organizaciones de la sociedad civil que calificaron la medida como un \u201cgrave retroceso institucional\u201d y advirtieron sobre el riesgo de impunidad.<\/p>\n

Una coalici\u00f3n de m\u00e1s de 20 agrupaciones se\u00f1al\u00f3 que la nueva ley representa un grave e hist\u00f3rico rev\u00e9s institucional, que normaliza la violencia y supone un riesgo de impunidad en caso de futuros intentos de golpe de Estado.<\/p>\n

El comunicado de la coalici\u00f3n Pacto por la Democracia se\u00f1ala que la anulaci\u00f3n del veto puede interpretarse como una forma de minimizar los ataques frontales contra el r\u00e9gimen democr\u00e1tico y sustituir la soberan\u00eda popular por proyectos autoritarios.<\/p>\n

\"\"
Bolsonaro. Foto de Jeso Carneiro \/ Flickr<\/a>. Creative Commons License<\/a>.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

Desde el oficialismo, dirigentes del PT como el diputado Lindbergh Farias denunciaron la existencia de un \u201cacuerdo pol\u00edtico\u201d en el Congreso para beneficiar a actores implicados en la trama golpista y advirtieron que la decisi\u00f3n trasciende el \u00e1mbito t\u00e9cnico penal y responde a intereses pol\u00edticos concretos.<\/p>\n

Ante este escenario, la bancada del PT ya prepara una acci\u00f3n de inconstitucionalidad ante el Supremo Tribunal Federal, con el objetivo de suspender los efectos de la ley bajo el argumento de que viola principios constitucionales como la proporcionalidad, la separaci\u00f3n de poderes y la protecci\u00f3n del Estado democr\u00e1tico de Derecho.\u00a0Parlamentarios oficialistas consideraron que la norma constituye una \u201camnist\u00eda encubierta\u201d y recordaron precedentes del propio tribunal que impiden medidas que reduzcan penas en casos de ataques a la democracia.<\/p>\n

Tambi\u00e9n alegan que el Congreso habr\u00eda invadido competencias del Poder Judicial al alterar criterios aplicados en sentencias ya firmes.<\/p>\n

La judicializaci\u00f3n del tema se perfila como inevitable, y el STF podr\u00eda volver a desempe\u00f1ar un papel central en la resoluci\u00f3n de tensiones entre Legislativo y Ejecutivo, con impacto directo sobre casos emblem\u00e1ticos vinculados al 8 de enero.<\/p>\n

\"\"Debate jur\u00eddico y pol\u00edtico<\/strong><\/p>\n

Juristas y analistas coinciden en que la controversia tiene una doble dimensi\u00f3n: por un lado, existe un debate t\u00e9cnico sobre la constitucionalidad de la norma; y, por otro, se evidencia una disputa pol\u00edtica m\u00e1s amplia sobre la interpretaci\u00f3n y las consecuencias de los hechos golpistas.<\/p>\n

Algunos especialistas como Pedro Serrano, profesor de Derecho Constitucional en la Pontificia Universidad Cat\u00f3lica de S\u00e3o Paulo, consideran que la ley puede ser inconstitucional al buscar beneficiar a personas espec\u00edficas, lo que contravendr\u00eda el principio de impersonalidad.\u00a0Al mismo tiempo, algunos especialistas consultados por medios brasile\u00f1os interpretan el derribo del veto como una se\u00f1al pol\u00edtica clara del Congreso, al reflejar la persistencia de una correlaci\u00f3n de fuerzas que favorece a sectores conservadores y que podr\u00eda debilitar la capacidad del gobierno para impulsar su agenda. PL<\/p>\n

(Fotos: Pixabay)<\/em><\/span><\/p>\n

\n\t\t\t\t\tTweet<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div><\/div>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

La decisi\u00f3n del Congreso de derribar el veto presidencial a la Ley de Dosimetr\u00eda desat\u00f3 una nueva confrontaci\u00f3n pol\u00edtica y jur\u00eddica sobre los l\u00edmites de la impunidad tras el intento de golpe de Estado de 2023.\u00a0Su aprobaci\u00f3n definitiva reducir\u00eda penas a condenados por la trama golpista, incluido Jair Bolsonaro.   […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":9,"featured_media":262832,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[10,12,85,15],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-292363","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","category-globo","category-latinoamerica","category-politica","category-reino-unido"],"yoast_head":"\nBrasil: Le ley que reabre la herida del golpismo - ThePrisma.co.uk<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/theprisma.co.uk\/2026\/05\/18\/brazil-the-law-that-reopens-the-wound-of-the-coup\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"es_ES\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Brasil: Desaf\u00edo de Congreso reabre herida del golpismo\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"La decisi\u00f3n del Congreso de derribar el veto presidencial a la Ley de Dosimetr\u00eda desat\u00f3 una nueva confrontaci\u00f3n pol\u00edtica y jur\u00eddica sobre los l\u00edmites de la impunidad tras el intento de golpe de Estado de 2023.\u00a0Su aprobaci\u00f3n definitiva reducir\u00eda penas a condenados por la trama golpista, incluido Jair Bolsonaro.\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https:\/\/theprisma.co.uk\/2026\/05\/18\/brazil-the-law-that-reopens-the-wound-of-the-coup\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"ThePrisma.co.uk\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:publisher\" content=\"https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/ThePrismaTheMulticulturalNewspaper\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:published_time\" content=\"2026-05-17T23:26:35+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:image\" content=\"https:\/\/theprisma.co.uk\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/07\/Brasil-bandera-maleta-viaje-Pixabay.jpg\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:width\" content=\"960\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:height\" content=\"641\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:type\" content=\"image\/jpeg\" \/>\n<meta name=\"author\" content=\"ThePrisma\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:card\" content=\"summary_large_image\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:creator\" content=\"@The_Prisma\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:site\" content=\"@The_Prisma\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:label1\" content=\"Escrito por\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data1\" content=\"ThePrisma\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:label2\" content=\"Tiempo de lectura\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data2\" content=\"5 minutos\" \/>\n<script type=\"application\/ld+json\" class=\"yoast-schema-graph\">{\"@context\":\"https:\\\/\\\/schema.org\",\"@graph\":[{\"@type\":\"Article\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/theprisma.co.uk\\\/2026\\\/05\\\/18\\\/brazil-the-law-that-reopens-the-wound-of-the-coup\\\/#article\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/theprisma.co.uk\\\/2026\\\/05\\\/18\\\/brazil-the-law-that-reopens-the-wound-of-the-coup\\\/\"},\"author\":{\"name\":\"ThePrisma\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/theprisma.co.uk\\\/#\\\/schema\\\/person\\\/24f5091d3dc50052d73cbea6ecd09df7\"},\"headline\":\"Brasil: Le ley que reabre la herida del golpismo\",\"datePublished\":\"2026-05-17T23:26:35+00:00\",\"mainEntityOfPage\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/theprisma.co.uk\\\/2026\\\/05\\\/18\\\/brazil-the-law-that-reopens-the-wound-of-the-coup\\\/\"},\"wordCount\":981,\"commentCount\":0,\"publisher\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/theprisma.co.uk\\\/#organization\"},\"image\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/theprisma.co.uk\\\/2026\\\/05\\\/18\\\/brazil-the-law-that-reopens-the-wound-of-the-coup\\\/#primaryimage\"},\"thumbnailUrl\":\"https:\\\/\\\/theprisma.co.uk\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/2023\\\/06\\\/Lula-Da-Silva.-Image-Oliver-Kornblihtt-Midia-NINJA.-Creative-Commons-License.-CC-BY-NC.jpg\",\"articleSection\":[\"Globo\",\"Latinoamerica\",\"Pol\u00edtica\",\"Reino Unido\"],\"inLanguage\":\"es\",\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"CommentAction\",\"name\":\"Comment\",\"target\":[\"https:\\\/\\\/theprisma.co.uk\\\/2026\\\/05\\\/18\\\/brazil-the-law-that-reopens-the-wound-of-the-coup\\\/#respond\"]}]},{\"@type\":\"WebPage\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/theprisma.co.uk\\\/2026\\\/05\\\/18\\\/brazil-the-law-that-reopens-the-wound-of-the-coup\\\/\",\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/theprisma.co.uk\\\/2026\\\/05\\\/18\\\/brazil-the-law-that-reopens-the-wound-of-the-coup\\\/\",\"name\":\"Brasil: Le ley que reabre la herida del golpismo - 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